My interest is in understanding the normal and abnormal functioning of the retina, retinal diseases, particularly those of a genetic nature. Recently I focus on the function of amino acid transporters in the eye and other tissues.
	The structure of the vertebrate retina. The stimulation of the photoreceptors (ONL) by light is transferred via the inter-neurons (INL) to the ganglion cells (GCL), which convey the signal to the brain. ILM, inner limiting membrane; NFL, nerve fiber layer; GCL, ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; ELM, external limiting membrane; IS, inner segments of photoreceptor cells; OS , and outer segments of photoreceptor cells; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.
Representing Publications: Gu, S., Villegas, C.J., and Jiang, J.X. Differential regulation of amino acid transporter SNAT3 by insulin in hepatocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 280:26055-26062, 2005 Gu, S., Yu, X.S., Yin, X., et al., Stimulation of lens cell differentiation by gap junction protein connexin 45.6. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 44: 2103-2111, 2003. Gu, S., Roderick, H.L., Camacho, P., et al., Characterization of an N-system amino acid transporter expressed in retina and its involvement in glutamine transport. J Biol Chem 276: 24137-24144, 2001. Gu, S., Adan-Rice, D., Leach, R.J., et al., A novel human amino acid transporter, hNAT3: cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, genomic structure, expression, and functional characterization. Genomics 74: 262-272, 2001. Gu, S., Roderick, H.L., Camacho, P., Jiang, J.X., Identification and characterization of an amino acid transporter expressed differentially in liver. P Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 3230-3235, 2000. Gu, S., Kumaramanickavel, G., Denton, M.J., Gal, A. Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa locus rp28 maps between D2S1337 and D2S286 on chromosome 2p11-p15 in an Indian family. J Med Genet 36:705-707, 1999. Gu, S., Lennon, A., Li, Y., Lorenz, B., Fossarello, M., North, M., Gal, A., Wright, A. Tubby-like protein-1 mutations in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Lancet 351:1103-1104, 1998. Gu, S., Thompson, D.A., Srikumari, C.R.S., Lorenz, B., Finck, U., Nicoletti, A., Murthy, K.R., Rathmann, M., Kumaramanickavel, G., Denton, M.J., Gal, A. Mutations in RPE65 cause autosomal recessive childhood-onset severe retinal dystrophy. Nat Genet 17:194-197, 1997. Gu, S., Tung, Y., Studies on the differentiation of the retina receptor cell of toad. Acta Biologae Experimentalis Sinica 22:23-24, 1989. Gu, S., Tung, Y., Studies on the ultrastructure of the early corneal morphogenesis in Bufo raddei. Acta Biologae Experimentalis Sinica 19:305-311, 1986. Tung, Y., Gu, S. Observation of the retina in Bufo raddei Strauch by semithin sections. Acta Herpetological Sinica 5:124-128, 1986.

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